PERANAN OBSERVER DALAM LESSON STUDI (SEBUAH TELAAH TEORETIS DAN PRAKTIS)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18269/jpmipa.v9i1.35726Keywords:
tujuan, prinsip, keterampilan observerAbstract
Artikel ini menyajikan peranan observer yang konsern terhadap data rekaman secara akurat darr menelaah dengan maksud tertentu dan secara sistematis pada mengajar guru. Sekali informasi direkam, pengawas harus interpretasi rekaman itu untuk membuat keputusan tentang informasi mana yang dapat diterima oleh guru untuk menentukan kekuatan dan kelemahan untuk ditingkatkan dan ditanggulangi. Selain itu, peranan observer meliputi: menentukan kerangka, pemfokusan pada guru, pemfokusan pada siswa, mengobservasi interaksi, dan mengonsolidasi suatu analisis pendahuluan.
Downloads
References
Amidon, E,., & Hunter, E. ( 1967). Irnproving Teaching: An Analysis of Classroom Verbal Interaction. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston.
Barnes, D. et al., (1971). Languange, the Learner and the School. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Bellack, A. A., Hyman, R. T,, Smith Jr. F, L., & Kliebard, H. M. (1966). The Languange of the Classroom, Final report, USOE Cooperative Research Project, No. 2023. New York: Teachers College, Columbia.
Bennett, N. (1976), Teaching Styles and Pupil Progress. London: Open Books.
Bloonr, B. S. (ed.). (1956). Taxonorny of Educational Objectives: Handbook I, Cognitive Domain. London: Longmans Green.
Bloomberg, A. (1974). Supervisors and Teachers: A Private Cold War. Berkeley, Calif.: McCutchan.
Boyan, N. J., & Copeland, W.D. (1978). Instructional Supervision Training Programme. Ohio: Charles, E. Menill, Columbus.
Britton, J. (1972). Languange ancl Leanring. Harmondsworth: Penguin.
Coogan, M. L. (1973). Clinical Supervision. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Cope, E, (1971). School Experience in Teacher Education. Bristol: University of Bristol.
Coulter, F. (1975). Perceptions of Classroom Behaviour by Supervisors and Student Teachers' in The Practicum: Present and Future, report of the National Conference on Teacher Education. Perth: Mt Lawley CAE.
Dalrymple, J. I. (1971). Remote Supervision at Pre-service and In-service Levels of Teacher Education. New York: American Educational Research Association. ERIC ED: 050032.
Davis, J. K., & K. W. Davis. (1977).'Maximizing Positive Student Teaching Supervisory Relationships, through Performance Contracting.' College Student Journal, I I(2).
Delefes, P., & Jackson, B. (1972). "Teacher Pupil Interaction as a Function of' Location in the Classroom." Psychologt in the Schools, 9(2).
Denemark, G. W. (1977). "Challenging Traditional Views of Teaching and Teacher Education." Journal ofTeacher Education, 28(2).
Dunkin. M., & Biddle, B. (1974). The Study of Teaching. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Dussault, G. (1970). Theory of Supervision in Teacher Education. New York: Teachers College Press, Columbia.
Eaker, R.E.(1974).'A Clinical Approach to Classroom Observation: An Anrerican View.' Trends in Education, 34.
Feyereisen, K., Firono, A. J., & Nowark, A. T. (1970). Supervision and Curriculum Renewal. New York: Appleton-Cenfury-Crofts.
Flanders, N. A. (1963). 'lntent, Action and Feedback.' Journal of Teacher Education, l4(3).
Flanders, N. A. (1976).'Interaction Analysis and Clinical Supervision.'Journal of Research and Development in Education, 9(2).
Fuller, F. F., & Manning, B. A. (1973),'Self Confrontation Reviewed.' Review of Educational Research, 4 3(1).
Fullerton, B. P., & Koder, L. M. (1975).'Student Teaching: An Integrated Approach.' South Paci.fic Journal of Teacher Education, 30).
Cage, N. (1971).'Explorations of the Teacher's Effectiveness in Lecturing.'in l. Westbury and A. Bellack (eds.). Research in Classroom Processes: Recent Development anC Next,Steps. New York: Teachers College, Columbia.
Gall, M. D. (t979). 'Competency Based Teacher Education Materials: How Available? How useable? Horv Effective?' Journal of Teacher Education, 3o(3).
Galton, M. (1980).'Systematic Classroom Observation: British Research.' Educational Research, 2l (2.).
Garner, J., & Bing, M. (1973). 'lnequalities in Teacher-Pupil Contracts.' British Journal of Educational Psychology, 4 3(5).
Goldhammer, R. (1969). Clinical Supervision New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Hale, J. A., & Spanjer, A. (1972). Systematic and Objective Analysis of Instruction. Portland: Commercial-Educational Instruction Services.
Hatton, N., & Brown, G. (1980). Focus 6-Explanation and Explaining. Nottingham University:'Ieacher Education Project.
Hughes, D. C. (1973). 'An Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Pupil Responding and Teacher Reacting on Pupil Achievement.' American Journal o.f Educational Research, l0(l).
Kaye" M. (1979).'Self-Analysis-An Alternative to Prescriptive Supervision.' The Leader, I.
Knop, C. K. (1977).'Developing a Model for Student Teacher Supervision.' Foreign Language Annals, I()(6).
Kounin, J.S.(1970). Discipiine and Group Management in Classroons. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
McNeil, i. D. (1971). Towards Accountable Teachers. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Medley, D. M. (1972). Supervisor Use of Observation System. Ohio: Ohio State Departement of Education, Columbus. ERIC ED: 064 801.
Moore, i. J., & Mattaliano, A. P. (1970). Clinical Supervision: a Short Description Conn: West Hartford Public Schools.
Mosher, R., & Purpel, D. (1972). Supervision; The Reluctant Profession. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
Nelson, M. A. (1972). 'Co-operating Teacher Training. Journal of Teacher Education, 23(3).
Ovrens, L. C. (1975). "The Skill of Explaining." In C. Turney et al., Sydney Micro Skills, Series 2. Sydney: Sydney University Press.
Perlberg, A., & Theodor, E. (197-5).'Patterns and Styles in Supervisions.' British Journcl of Teacher Education, I (2).
Rosenshine, B. (1971). Teaching Behaviours and Student Achievemenl. Windsor: National Foundation for Educational Research.
Rosenshine, B. V., & Berliner, D. C. (1978). 'Academic Engaged Time.' British Journal of Teacher Education, 4( I ).
Russell, T. L. (1979).'Practice Teaching.' Education Canada, I9(l).
Shaftel, F. R., & C. Shaftel. (1967). Role Playingfor Social Values. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Skoog, G. (1980). 'Improving College Teaching through Peer Observation.' Journal of Teacher Education, 3 I (2).
Stanton, H. E. (1972). 'Pupil Generated Feedback in the Education of Teacher's. Education News, 13(I I).
Switzer, R. (1976). 'Cooperating Teachers: Strengths and Weaknesses.' Colorado Journal of Educational Research, I 5 (2).
Thew, D. M. (1976).'Small Group Teaching and Individualized Instruction.' in C. Turney et al., Sydney Micro Skills, Series 4. Sydney: Sydney University Press.
Tuckman, B. w., & oliver, w. F. (1968). 'Effectiveness of Feedback to Teachers as Function ofSource.' Journal ofEducational Psychology, 59.
Turney, C. et al., (1990). Supervisor Development Programmes; Role Handbook Manager, Counsellor, Instructor, Observer, Feedback, Evaluator Sydney: Supen,ision Development Project the University of Sydney.
Turney, C. et al., (1973). Sydney Micro Skills, Series 1. Sydney: Sydney University Press.
Turney, C. et al., (1975). Sydney Miuo Skills Series 2. Sydney: Sydney University Press.
Turney, C. et al., (1976). Sydney Micro Skills Series 4. Sydney: Sydney University Press.
Turney, C. (ed.). (1977). Innovation in Teacher Education. Sydney: Sydney University Press.
Valentine, J. (1978). "The Supervisory Process-a Practical Look." hlASSp. Bulletin, 62.
Vukovich, D. (1976). The Efects o.f Four specific Supervision Procedures on theDevelopment of Self-Evalualion Skills in Pre-service Teachers. San Francisco: American Educational Research Association. EzuC ED: 146-224.
Wragg, E. (1970). 'Interaction Analysis as a Feedback System to Student Teachers.' Education for Teaching, B I .
Wragg, E. C. (1974). Teaching Teaching, David and Charles, Newton Abbott.
Zahorik, J. (1968). 'Classroom Feedback Behaviour of Teachers. Journal of Educctional Research, 6,2,
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
