Impact of DECODE model and STEM strategies on in-service teachers' professional development in Tamil Nadu, India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17509/wapfi.111.116Keywords:
Critical thinking skills, STEM, In-service teachers, DECODE, Professional development, Technology.Abstract
In the context of growing educational demands, continuous professional development has become essential for in-service teachers. This study investigates the impact of a professional development program based on the DECODE Model and STEM strategies aimed at enhancing critical thinking skills among 37 in-service science and mathematics teachers in Tamil Nadu, India. The intervention included hybrid-mode workshops facilitated by both Taiwanese and Indian experts, comprising three structured sessions: Demonstration, Co-teaching and Co-training, and Debrief. A validated 35-item rating scale was administered before and after the workshop to measure five stages of professional growth: knowledge base construction, model observation, practice reflection, implementation of changes, and expertise acquisition and dissemination. Results from a paired samples t-test indicated a statistically significant improvement in participants’ professional development scores (t = -4.515, p < .001). The study concludes that the DECODE Model is an effective framework for empowering in-service teachers with innovative pedagogical skills and promoting reflective teaching practices in STEM education.
Downloads
References
Aithal, P. S., & Aithal, S. (2024). How to Empower Educators through Digital Pedagogies and Faculty Development Strategies. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4674876
Almazroa, H., & Alotaibi, W. (2023). Teaching 21st Century skills: Understanding the depth and width of the challenges to shape proactive teacher education programmes. Sustainability, 15(9), 7365. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15097365
BADA, S. (2015). Constructivism Learning Theory: A paradigm for teaching and learning. In IOSR Journal of Research & Method in Education (Vol. 5, Issue 6, pp. 66–70) . https://doi.org/10.9790/7388-05616670
Charania, A., Paltiwale, S., Sen, S., Sarkar, D., & Bakshani, U. (2023). Leading edge use of technology for teacher professional development in Indian schools. Education Sciences, 13(4), 386. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13040386
Cheng, P., Molina, J., Lin, M., Liu, H., & Chang, C. (2022). A new TPACK training model for tackling the ongoing challenges of COVID-19. Applied System Innovation, 5(2), 32. https://doi.org/10.3390/asi5020032
Cheng, P., Molina, J., Lin, M., Liu, H., & Chang, C. (2022). A new TPACK training model for tackling the ongoing challenges of COVID-19. Applied System Innovation, 5(2), 32. https://doi.org/10.3390/asi5020032
Darling-Hammond, L., Hyler, M. E., & Gardner, M. (2017). Effective teacher professional development. Palo Alto, CA: Learning Policy Institute.
https://doi.org/10.54300/122.311
Desimone, L. M. (2009). Improving impact studies of teachers’ professional development: Toward better conceptualizations and measures. Educational Researcher, 38(3),181–199. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X08331140
Desimone, L. M. (2009). Improving Impact Studies of Teachers’ Professional Development: Toward better conceptualizations and Measures. Educational Researcher, 38(3), 181–199. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189x08331140
Detert, J. R., Louis, K. S., & Schroeder, R. G. (2001). A Culture Framework for Education: Defining quality values and their impact in U.S. high schools. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 12(2), 183–212. https://doi.org/10.1076/sesi.12.2.183.3454
Guskey, T. R. (2002). Professional development and teacher change. Teachers and Teaching, 8(3), 381–391.https://doi.org/10.1080/135406002100000512
Guskey, T. R. (2002). Professional development and teacher change. Teachers and Teaching, 8(3), 381–391. https://doi.org/10.1080/135406002100000512
Jannah, D. K. a. W., Handayani, R. D., & Wahono, B. (2025). The role of workshops using the DECODE online model in supporting STEM teachers’ TPACK competence in teaching inquiry skills. Thinking Skills and Creativity Journal, 8(1), 59–67. https://doi.org/10.23887/tscj.v8i1.82493
Kirk, C. M., Lewis, R. K., Brown, K., Karibo, B., Scott, A., & Park, E. (2015). The Empowering Schools project. Youth & Society, 49(6), 827–847. https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118x14566118
Labone, E., & Long, J. (2014). Features of effective professional learning: a case study of the implementation of a system-based professional learning model. Professional Development in Education, 42(1), 54–77. https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2014.948689
Li, Y., Schoenfeld, A. H., diSessa, A. A., Graesser, A. C., Benson, L. C., English, L. D., & Duschl, R. A. (2019). Design and design thinking in STEM education. Journal for STEM Education Research, 2(2), 93–104. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41979-019-00020-z
Maspul, K. A. (2024). Enhancing Project-Based Learning in STEM Education with Integrated Technology and Coding. Journal of Intelligent Systems and Information Technology, 1(1), 16–24. https://doi.org/10.61971/jisit.v1i1.20
Ministry of Education. (2020). National Education Policy 2020. Government of India. https://www.education.gov.in/sites/upload_files/mhrd/files/NEP_Final_English_0.pdf
National Academy of Engineering and National Research Council. (2014). STEM integration in K-12 education: Status, prospects, and an agenda for research. The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/18612
Rajasekaran, R., Sreedevi, P. S., & Chang, C. (2024). DECODE-based STEM workshop in improving academic resilience and teaching competency of pre-service teachers. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics Science and Technology Education, 20(2), em2406. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/14243
Roth, K. J., Wilson, C. D., Taylor, J. A., Stuhlsatz, M. a. M., & Hvidsten, C. (2018). Comparing the effects of Analysis-of-Practice and Content-Based professional development on teacher and student outcomes in science. American Educational Research Journal, 56(4), 1217–1253. https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831218814759
Sinha, S. & Karsten Krauskopf. (2025). Teacher Professional Development in Technology-Enhanced Learning Environments: Successful Models for Indian Educators to succeed in digital Classrooms. Indian Journal of Educational Technology, 7(2), 257–259.
Smet, M. (2022). Professional Development and Teacher Job Satisfaction: Evidence from a Multilevel Model. Mathematics, 10(1), 51. https://doi.org/10.3390/math10010051
Sui, C., Yen, M., & Chang, C. (2024b). Teachers’ perceptions of teaching science with technology-enhanced self-regulated learning strategies through the DECODE model. Education and Information Technologies, 29(17), 22813–22839. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-024-12715-x
Tang, S. Y. F., & Choi, P. L. (2009). Teachers’ professional lives and continuing professional development in changing times. Educational Review, 61(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131910802684748
Wahono, B., Hariyadi, S., & Subiantoro, A. W. (2022). The development of an online STEM teacher professional development package with the DECODE model: An innovative teacher’s quality maintenance. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics Science and Technology Education, 18(12), em2191. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/12647
Wahono, B., Hariyadi, S., & Subiantoro, A. W. (2022). The development of an online STEM teacher professional development package with the DECODE model: An innovative teacher’s quality maintenance. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics Science and Technology Education, 18(12), em2191. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/12647
Yang, S. C., Hsueh, Y. H., & Hung, S. (2026). Interdisciplinary strategies in STE(A)M education: a critical analysis of curriculum and pedagogy. Research in Science & Technological Education, 1–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/02635143.2026.2628601
Downloads
Published
Data Availability Statement
Data supporting the findings and conclusions are available upon request from the corresponding author
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Wahana Pendidikan Fisika

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The authors submitting a manuscript to this journal agree that, if accepted for publication, copyright publishing of the submission shall be assigned to The Journal Wahana Pendidikan Fisika (WAPFI). However, even though the journal asks for a copyright transfer, the authors retain (or are granted back) significant scholarly rights.
The Journal Wahana Pendidikan Fisika by https://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/WapFi/ is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

